Minerals are natural substances , usually comprising “inorganic element or compound, having an orderly internal structure and characteristics, chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties” (NAMRIA-DENR, 1991). Any concentration of these minerals, with a potential economic value that can be extracted at a profit, is considered a mineral resource. Despite its small area, the Philippines is one of the world’s richly endowed countries in terms of mineral resources.
The mining industry plays a very important role in the country’s economic development. For one, the industry provides employment opportunities to a significant portion of the population, directly and indirectly. The launching of a mining project spurs local and regional economic development as mining firms invest in road infrastructure, utilities, and other facilities within the mine site. Mining, likewise, contributes to the country’s foreign-exchange earnings through exports. Furthermore, the industry provides additional revenues for the government through taxes and fees paid on mining and other related activities.
Mineral resources include both the metallic and non-metallic minerals. In terms of their economic contribution to the country, the important metallic minerals include gold, copper, iron, chromite, nickel, manganese, cobalt, lead, zinc, molybdenum, mercury, and aluminum; while coal, phosphate rock, magnetite, sulfur, guano, barite, bentonite, clay, diatomite, feldspar, gypsum, perlite, silica, gravel and sand, basalt, marble, limestone, shale, diorite, jade, opal, quartz, rhodonite, obsidian, agate, and serpentinite are all classified as non-metallic minerals.
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